• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    Vertical axis wind turbine system, comprising at least one blade with a symmetrical profile; a plurality of arms that support each blade; a transverse arm slider with axial movement in at least one of the arms of each blade; and where the slide comprises two connecting rods that drive two articulated arms, one to drive a locking element and the other that drives a vertical slide located on the main axis of the wind turbine; a locking element in contact with the blade, comprising a lock that varies its position and fixes or unlocks the blade; a vertical slide that moves vertically along the main axis of the wind turbine; and therefore, the system can vary the position of the blades to position them in such a way that the wind turbine operates both at low and high wind speeds. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2803823A1
    申请号:ES201930684
    申请日:2019-07-24
    公开日:2021-01-29
    发明作者:Marquez José Manuel Andujar；Bohórquez Miguel Angel Martínez；León Antonio Serrano；Pino Fernández Joaquín Del；Castilla Daniel Ruiz；Guzmán Diego Tejada；Rodríguez José Antonio Bohórquez
    申请人:Universidad de Huelva；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] VERTICAL AXIS WIND GENERATOR SYSTEM AND BLADES FOR SUCH SYSTEM
    [0004] Object of the invention
    [0006] The present invention refers to a vertical axis wind turbine system that works by means of the lift produced by an aerodynamic profile when the speed on its axis is high, while when the angular speed on its axis is not enough to work by lift, the wind turbine You can modify the angle of the blades, that is, you can lower the position of the blades to position them in such a way that the system operates at low wind speeds. Therefore, in the present invention a system is defined that allows starting with little air and providing more energy. For this, it is required that the folding blades also have an improved and differentiated aerodynamic profile with respect to the known ones.
    [0008] The present invention is framed within the different power generation systems, specifically wind turbines, and more specifically refers to a type of vertical axis wind turbine system and a specific wing profile that is implemented in a vertical axis wind turbine system. .
    [0010] State of the art
    [0012] The importance of the development of what is generally known as clean energy is known to all, among which wind energy stands out.
    [0014] The present invention focuses on the field of mini-wind power, which offers great possibilities for homes or use in remote areas, although the invention can be implemented at other scales, and its application can be generalized to any user of wind power. To take advantage of wind energy, it is necessary to develop a wind turbine system.
    [0016] Among the known types of wind turbines, the horizontal axis wind turbines stand out, which are the most used models due to their high power coefficient, and which have managed to be scaled up to reach powers of several megawatts, which imply a blade diameter that it can exceed 90 meters. The other more well-known type of wind turbine is formed by the so-called vertical axis wind turbines, which are less used because they usually have a lower coefficient of power in service conditions, but which have the advantage of their omnidirectionality. In any case, for the field of mini-wind power, taking advantage of omnidirectionality is interesting, in order to be able to take better advantage of the changing winds, justifying the use of vertical axis wind turbines.
    [0018] As has been advanced, the generation of wind power requires a wind turbine. When a wind turbine is based on the phenomenon of lift, the definition of at least one blade is essential. When sizing a blade, the support it provides must be studied. The lift is based on the well-known Bernoulli equation . It is shown that this equation applied to an external flow on a surface that experiences a laminar regime, and in which the geometry of the walls makes it possible to take advantage of the Coanda effect , whereby fluids tend to stick to surfaces tangent to their trajectory. Dividing, in the case of an aerodynamic profile, the fluid into two surfaces through which the fluid travels at different speeds. In this case, it follows, from Bernoulli's equation , that there is a higher pressure on that surface through which the fluid circulates at a lower speed. In Figure 1 the section of a conventional aerodynamic profile is shown together with a diagram of the lift forces (F) and the wind direction (V), where these forces are responsible for generating the torque that makes the wind turbine rotate. This phenomenon of lift is generally used by horizontal axis wind turbines and certain vertical axis models.
    [0020] Going specifically into vertical axis wind turbines, three main typologies stand out, the Savonius wind turbine , the Darrieus wind turbine , and the Darrieus-Savonius hybrid wind turbine . The Savonius model takes advantage of the difference in thrust that the wind exerts on a blade when its geometry differs between the two faces exposed to the wind, the drag coefficient being different on one face than on the other. The Darrieus model is propelled by lift, but it has a drawback, which is that it requires initial thrust and minimal wind speed to operate. The Darrieus-Savonius model is one of the most recent vertical axis typologies and seeks to combine the advantages of both wind turbines and replace or reduce their drawbacks, where in most cases this model includes a Savonius wind turbine to obtain the energy with which start the Darrieus model and be able to produce power at low wind speeds.
    [0022] Taking these aspects into account, the present invention focuses on or starts from systems that combine the advantages of a Savonius wind turbine and a Darrieus wind turbine . At this point, what is disclosed in document EP2594785 where describes a vertical axis wind turbine with a folding blade system, and what is disclosed in EP2240687 where a variant of the lift wind turbine is described with respect to the original wind turbine designed by the engineer Georges Jean Marie Darrieus. In any case, the models with folding blade systems have drawbacks when the wind blows against it due to their asymmetric profile, which requires complex electronic systems for folding and positioning the blades. Unlike these known systems, the present invention has a symmetrical profile and does not require additional motors or electronic management for said abatement in case the air blows in a specific direction. On the other hand, Darrieus models that incorporate a Savonius model in the center to start at certain wind speeds have the same problem as the previous one, that is, they require starting auxiliary motors, in addition to introducing elements inside the overall the final aerodynamics suffers. The Darrieus models that incorporate a profile that can operate under certain conditions due to thrust, as happens in a Savonius so as not to need starting auxiliary systems, have the problem of increasing their aerodynamic friction, and therefore have a reduced coefficient. power.
    [0024] To avoid the problems described and develop a wind turbine system that does not have to compromise its performance due to issues such as aerodynamics, structure or the choice of blades, and that allows to obtain higher performance than the well-known vertical axis wind turbines, for, Even being able to compete with the power of horizontal axis wind turbines, the present invention describes a vertical axis wind turbine that works by means of the lift produced by a symmetrical aerodynamic profile and that incorporates a starting system that uses a mechanism that allows the abatement of the blades at low wind speeds and prevents the blades from tilting when the angular velocity on the axis of rotation reaches a certain value. The internal structure therefore differs from those known to date, which, among other things, did not allow a symmetrical blade profile to be included under the proposed conditions.
    [0026] In this sense, one of the peculiarities of the invention is that the blades have a symmetrical profile compared to the asymmetric ones of all known similar wind turbines. In order to develop this profile, aircraft wing profiles have been studied, and for this purpose a plurality of wing profiles included within the database of the department of aerospace engineering of the University of Illinois https: // m-selig .ae.illinois.edu / ads / coord_database.html. After multiple analyzes, notes that no wing profile included in said database could be implemented in a wind turbine such as the one described below in this specification, but the model referenced as S8035 stands out, which has been used as a basis for the development of a shovel that really if it has good results https: // m-selig. ae. Illinois. edu / ads / coord / s8035. dat.
    [0028] Therefore, the present invention consists of a vertical axis wind turbine system that works by means of a structure that comprises a new type of blade, the design of which has been based on a blade / wing configuration already studied in the field of aeronautics. A novelty, compared to other known configurations of asymmetric blades, is the use in the present invention of a blade with a symmetrical configuration, which together with the rest of the elements of the system allows to improve the performance of known vertical axis wind turbines. In this sense, the present invention refers both to the definition of the profile of the blade and to the definition of the structure of the whole wind turbine system comprising said types of blades.
    [0030] Brief description of the invention
    [0032] The present invention has a first object, which is to develop a new type of blade whose section is symmetrical, and that the aerodynamic properties of said profile are used to improve performance compared to other models that incorporate rotation mechanisms in their blades, for what the rotation mechanism of the present invention has a differentiated operation from any other current known model.
    [0033] Therefore, the definition of the structure of an improved wind turbine system with respect to any known wind turbine is also an object of the present invention. The present invention comprises a locking mechanism with a system of slides together with a piece that rotates around an axis, said system is located on at least one of the arms of each blade, which, as has been advanced, has a particular profile that is also differentiated. of any other wind turbine. This set constitutes a very significant innovation over existing systems, since, despite the current existence of wind turbines that simultaneously take advantage of the phenomena of thrust and lift ( hybrid wind turbines ), the performance of these models is compromised by this hybridization. The present invention does not compromise performance by taking advantage of thrust ( Savonius ) and lift ( Darrieus) since it modifies its operation depending on whether it takes advantage of one or the other phenomenon. To enable the wind turbine to change its configuration depending on the wind force, the slide system is used together with the part that rotates to block or allow the rotation of the blade about an axis. In addition, the aerodynamic properties of said symmetrical profile are used to improve performance compared to other models that incorporate rotation mechanisms in their blades.
    [0035] The operation of the invention is such that when the angular speed of the main axis is reduced (low wind speeds), the axis of rotation of the blade is allowed, making it possible to open or close the blade with respect to the wind direction, so that, if the blade moves in the same direction as the air current, it captures the wind energy, and if, on the contrary, the blade moves in the opposite direction to that of the wind, said blade is placed in a position that reduces resistance to the wind as much as possible. On the other hand, when the angular speed of the main shaft increases (the wind speed increases), the inertia locking mechanism causes the rotation of the part that blocks the rotation of the blade as the angular speed of the main shaft increases, the Lockout occurs when performance and inertia conditions are adequate to shift from low speeds to high wind speeds.
    [0037] As specified below, the present wind turbine represents an improvement on existing systems by operating in a different way depending on the strength of the wind, and also said model is scalable to obtain the necessary power based on the specific needs of each user.
    [0039] Brief description of the figures
    [0041] In order to complete the description and to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of figures and drawings is presented in which the following is represented by way of illustration and not limitation:
    [0043] Figure 1: Shows the section of a conventional blade profile together with a diagram of the lift forces, where said forces are responsible for generating the torque that makes the wind turbine rotate.
    [0045] Figure 2: Shows the section of a blade profile defined in the present invention, which is a symmetrical blade.
    [0047] Figures 3A-3C: Shows the angle between the chord and the resulting angle of adding the blade speed vector to the wind speed vector in degrees (Y axis) for different wind speeds along a complete turn (X axis) for three distinct values of w * R.
    [0048] Figures 4A-4C: show different graphs, specifically where Figure 4A shows the main characteristics for various symmetric profiles chosen for a Reynolds value equal to 900000; Fig.4B shows the main characteristics of the S8035 profile for Reynolds values from 100000 to 2000000 Reynolds increasing the value by 100000 units in each sample; and where Fig.4C shows the main characteristics of the profile object of the present invention for Reynolds values from 100000 to 2000000 Reynolds increasing the value by 100000 units in each sample.
    [0050] Figure 5: Shows a perspective view of the wind turbine system object of the present invention.
    [0052] Figure 6: represents the operation of the wind turbine system at low wind speeds.
    [0054] Figure 7: represents the position of the locking mechanism when the wind is low or null.
    [0056] Figure 8: represents the forces present in the mechanism as the main shaft turning speed increases.
    [0058] Figure 9: represents an intermediate position of the locking mechanism.
    [0060] Figure 10: represents the final position of the locking mechanism.
    [0062] Figure 11: represents the forces present in the mechanism when the turning speed of the main shaft is reduced.
    [0064] Figure 12: shows a graph representing the results of the proportion of force transmitted between the sliders as a function of the angle formed by one of the articulated arms with the arm that supports the blades.
    [0066] Figure 13: represents the operation of the wind turbine system and the position of the blades at high angular speeds.
    [0068] Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention.
    [0070] Next, and taking into account the previous figures, the studies to analyze the typology and configuration of the wind turbine blades are first taken into account, always trying to improve the final performance obtained.
    [0072] In order to determine which is the most suitable blade profile, an exhaustive study of the different existing aerodynamic profiles is carried out. As mentioned in the state of the art, in the database of the University of Illinois, more than 1500 profiles can be downloaded for various uses, all of them related to the aeronautics. After downloading the .dat files, the profiles are analyzed using the free software xfiró ( xfoil) that was originally created by Mark Drela for the Daedalus project at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in the 1980s. It is known that xflr5 is a program that works well at low Reynolds numbers, since it was designed to study subsonic flow. For the same reason, only those profiles designed to operate at low Reynolds numbers can be used. Despite these limitations, the information you provide us reasonably fits our case, and it will provide us with a comparison of the relevant properties of the different profiles such as the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient and the moment coefficient. However, these calculations are not enough to conclude the analysis of the profile, since in order to size it correctly, its properties must also be studied in a wider range of angles than what xflr5 allows us . Using this program, the characteristics of the different profiles have been compared. In order to know a little better how the different profiles behave, a test analysis is carried out with several random profiles at different Reynolds numbers, however, and given the reduced number of profiles that can be analyzed in this way, Henceforth it was decided to analyze a Reynolds number in each graph when several profiles were analyzed. After analyzing several groups of profiles, it is concluded that there are certain geometries that can be ruled out, either due to the low performance they can provide or the impossibility of being analyzed because they do not work at low Reynolds numbers. Therefore, we proceed to make a list of profiles that may be of interest to study.
    [0074] Given that for a Savonius wind turbine to function, an asymmetry of the profile with respect to the chord is required, it is decided to first try with asymmetric profiles (such as those shown in Fig. 1), however, some symmetric profile is included in the analysis used in aeronautics to observe its possible advantages compared to the rest of the profiles. After making the selection of profiles, they are analyzed for values between 100,000 and 2,100,000 Reynolds. Given that after the analysis multiple profiles of interest are obtained, it is not possible to discriminate the results without further data, we proceed to analyze how the wind speed and the angular speed of the main axis actually influence the angle of incidence of the air stream relative to the chord of the wing profile. Therefore, we proceed to make some graphs (Fig. 3A-3C) in which the angle between the chord is related and the one resulting from adding the blade speed vector to the wind speed vector in degrees (Y axis) to different wind speeds along a complete turn (X axis) at different speeds, in the first the relationship w * R is greater than the different wind speeds taken (Figure 3A), in the second, the relationship w * R is achieved by the highest speed of those studied (Figure 3B), in the third case the relationship w * R is exceeded by several of the speeds studied (Figure 3C). As can be seen, if we vary the angular velocity or the radius that we provide in the calculations, the angular velocity * radius relationship shows an inversely proportional relationship with respect to the range of incidence angles reached throughout a turn, in the same way As is logical, the higher the speed of the air stream, the greater the amplitude will have the mentioned angle if we maintain the relation angular velocity * radius. It is also observed that when increasing the value of the angular velocity * radius relation the area under said graph is reduced. This leads us to conclude that increasing the value of the angular velocity * radius relation will not only reduce the range of values of the chord, but also that these angles will have values close to the maximum values during a smaller range of positions along one round. It is also important, as has been analyzed, whether the angular velocity * radius value exceeds (Figure 3A) or not the values of the wind speed studied, since otherwise the range of values of angles with respect to the chord will increase. dramatically (Figures 3B and 3C). Taking into account these considerations and due to the low coefficient of lift that asymmetric profiles experience when the rope presents negative angles, the possibility of opting for a symmetrical profile that would allow us, in addition to being able to take advantage of the lift phenomenon, begins to be considered. during a greater part of the blade travel over a turn, the possibility of being able to considerably reduce the angular acceleration of the wind turbine at high operating speeds.
    [0076] This observation brings up the issue of safety, after observing the graphs corresponding to figures 3A-3C we see another advantage of symmetric profiles, and that is that they add safety to the design, since we can create the conditions for the lift coefficient is considerably reduced if the angle of incidence of the air stream with respect to the chord is achieved to adopt values close to zero. It should be noted that chord values close to zero can be obtained if the speed ratio is high enough, the speed ratio being the quotient between the ratio w * R and the speed with which the wind hits the blade. Therefore, if this behavior is properly used, it would serve to considerably limit the cases in which the angular velocity of the shaft adopts values that put the structure of the wind turbine at risk, notably reducing the need to use a safety brake. Obviously, for this to be true, the relationship w * R must be greater than speed with which the wind hits the blade and therefore the speed ratio must be greater than 1. In the case of Darrieus wind turbines , this ratio is usually between the values 5 to 7. After taking these considerations into account, decides to analyze several symmetric profiles at a Reynolds value of 900,000 (Fig. 4A). With this analysis it is expected to be able to determine if any of the symmetric profiles can provide adequate lift coefficients for a wind turbine. Within this analysis, it is decided to include, among others, NACA profiles that are slightly asymmetric profiles, since they have been used previously in Darrieus wind turbines and 's' type profiles, because they have shown a high lift coefficient compared to others. profiles analyzed.
    [0078] After analyzing the group of symmetric profiles (Fig. 4A), it is observed that in these profiles, the observed lift coefficients reach a value of 1.65. These values are lower than those obtained for the asymmetric profiles, however, the higher lift coefficient they present for chord angles greater than zero does not compensate for the drastic reduction that these profiles experience for chords smaller than zero, in addition to the other advantages mentioned. . Therefore, taking into account all the above, it is considered more appropriate to use a symmetric profile, although it is considered necessary to study possible improvements of the profiles to obtain a better lift coefficient than those obtained in the sample. It is also observed that the NACA profiles have a trailing edge whose curvature provides worse properties against thrust than other analyzed profiles, such as the S8035 profile. This profile presents a lift coefficient lower than NACA, specifically NACA 0024, but the value observed is among the highest in the sample, if we also consider that the maximum thickness of the S8035 profile is lower than NACA 0024, so its friction is less than NACA 0024 and if we add to that what is observed near the curvature edge, it is justified to study the S8035 profile for a range of Reynolds values between 100,000 and 2,000,000 (Fig. 4B), obtaining a coefficient of maximum lift of 1.5. The possibility of improving this result is considered to try to obtain a higher lift coefficient.
    [0080] Therefore, modifications are made with the xflr5 program on the S8035 profile, obtaining lift coefficient results with a maximum value of 1.81 (Fig. 4C), this value being higher than that obtained in the case of the S8035 profile and that Furthermore, the flatness of the trailing edge and the maximum thickness of the S8035 profile have been obtained without changing too much. This results in the geometry of a new symmetrical profile that can be used in wind turbines, the use of this profile It requires a mechanism specifically designed to obtain the desired behavior, so it is necessary to develop the wind turbine system of the present invention, which solves all the drawbacks and problems exposed in this document. The coordinates of the profile with which the previously described problems are solved can be seen in Table 1.
    [0082]
    [0083]
    [0084]
    [0087] In Fig. 2 the symmetric geometry of said profile can be observed, according to the coordinates of Table 1. In this sense, the profile of the blade is represented scaled for a total transverse length (X axis) of 1, going from 0 at the starting point or leading edge (BA) to 1 at the end point or trailing edge (BS), and the lower surface or soffit (a) equivalent to the lower Y axis, and the upper surface or extrados (b ) equivalent to the upper Y axis, they are also in accordance with the dimensioning of the X axis. The maximum thickness point is at 17.00 ± 0.50% of the longitudinal X axis counting from the leading edge (BA) and with a maximum thickness of 14.79 ± 0.20% also of what would be the total of the longitudinal axis X. In the comparison with the S8035 profile, due to the peculiarities of the aircraft wings, the point of maximum thickness is approximately 30 % of the longitudinal axis X counting from the leading edge, the thickness is more continuous and has a maximum thickness imo of 14.00 ± 0.05%. To improve the behavior against air pressure, the aerodynamic profile has been flattened, the results observed in the previous arguments and in the graph of this new profile show the advantages of its implementation in a wind turbine, for which it is necessary to modify any of the known structures and configurations, and it is also the object of the present invention to develop a new vertical axis wind turbine system that allows the inclusion of this new type of blade.
    [0089] The vertical axis wind turbine system, which can be seen in the rest of the figures, comprises:
    [0091] - at least one symmetrical blade (1) of the previously indicated characteristics.
    [0093] - each blade is supported by a plurality of arms (2) projecting radially from the main axis (7) of the wind turbine;
    [0095] - a transverse arm slide (3) in at least one of the arms (2) of each blade; where the slide has an axial movement; and where the slide comprises two connecting rods, a first connecting rod (31) from which a first articulated arm (5) that operates a locking element (4) departs; and a second connecting rod (32) from which a second articulated arm (6) that operates a vertical slide (8) located on the main shaft (7) starts. of the wind turbine; this transverse slide (3) being able to move on the outside of the arm (2) or on the inside of the arm (2);
    [0097] - a locking element (4), actuated by the first connecting rod (31) of the transverse slide (3), comprising:
    [0099] a blocker (40) that has at one of its vertices an articulation point (41), which allows the blocker (40) to rotate and come into contact with a stop (42) at the end of the arm (2);
    [0101] a stop (42), in contact with the blade (1), which can fix the position of the blade depending on:
    [0103] - if the blocker is in contact with the stop, the blade remains fixed; - if the blocker is not in contact with the stop, the blade can vary its position, which in the following can be referred to as folding down the blades;
    [0105] - A vertical slide (8), which moves vertically along the main axis (7) of the wind turbine, and which is driven by the second articulated arm (6) driven by the horizontal slide (3), in such a way that said vertical slide (8) also moves depending on whether the locking element (4) is fixed to the blade (1) or not;
    [0107] - at least one support (9) or plate, from which the arm (2) with its elements previously indicated, acts as a stop for the vertical slide (8) and which can also serve as a stop for a spring element (10); Y
    [0109] - There may be at least one spring element (10), such as a spring, located around the main axis (7) of the wind turbine and also coming into contact with the vertical slide (8) regulating its movement.
    [0111] In a particular embodiment of the invention, both the first articulated arm (5) and the second articulated arm (6) can be cables.
    [0113] In another possible embodiment of the invention, the vertical slide (8) can be located under the support (9), so the presence of the spring (10) would not be necessary, since the weight of the vertical slide (8) actuates the articulated arm with which the horizontal slide (3) moves.
    [0115] Also, additionally, the blocking element (4) may comprise a motor and an electronic control that allows acting on the blocker (40) to fix or unblock the blade (1) depending on the wind speed, this motor and electronic control being able to act together with the action of the horizontal slider, or it can work independently in the event of any kind of suddenness.
    [0117] The wind turbine object of the present invention, as can be seen in Fig. 5, is a vertical axis wind turbine that works by means of the lift produced by an aerodynamic profile, as in other similar models a start-up system is required.
    [0119] Then, the wind turbine starting system uses a mechanism that allows the blades to be lowered at low wind speeds and prevents the blades from loosening when the angular velocity in the axis of rotation reaches a certain value. This innovative design is capable of competing in performance simultaneously with both models designed to start with little air and those that require a stronger wind to run (provides more KW / year).
    [0121] The present vertical axis wind turbine therefore comprises a mechanism that allows it to operate both at low and high wind speeds. This operation can be carried out thanks to a previously indicated locking mechanism, based on a locking element (4) in contact with the blade (1) and being actuated by the slide system, such that, as the wind turbine accelerates it enters action of the locking mechanism, said mechanism is responsible for modifying the configuration of the wind turbine to be able to make optimal use at high wind speeds.
    [0123] At low wind speeds, the wind turbine allows the blades to rotate. This behavior makes it possible in low wind conditions to produce energy by taking advantage of the drag that the wind causes on the wind turbine blades, as happens with wind turbines based on the one designed by the engineer Sigurd J. Savonius. As indicated in previous points, the present invention differs from the innovations provided so far and that were based on this principle, since in our case what is done is to take advantage of the symmetry of our aerodynamic profile to, in this way, minimize the resistance when the blade moves in the opposite direction to that of the wind and, at the same time, causes it to open at the moments when said blade moves in the same direction as the wind. This behavior can be clearly seen in Fig. 6. In this image we can see a snapshot of the wind turbine, to which the rest of the relevant positions have been added in discontinuous mode to understand the operation of the wind turbine throughout a turn. In the same way, the positions in which the wing varies its way of behaving. We can therefore divide the behavior into four zones (Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4):
    [0125] (Z1) - (Z2): Between these two points the wind turbine will open the blade (1) to be able to capture the maximum possible wind, as this is the area in which the blade moves in the same direction as the wind (V)
    [0127] (Z2) - (Z3): In this interval the profile positions its axis of symmetry parallel to the wind direction (V), this is because a symmetrical profile will always have to be placed in the position described above and with the wind entering along the leading edge to provide the least possible resistance. In this range due to design features, this position is allowed.
    [0129] (Z3) - (Z4): When the blade (1) reaches point (Z3), the stop of the rotation locking element (4) prevents the profile from being positioned in the way it did in the previous interval, in addition, this behavior creates a moment that opposes the allowed direction of wing rotation, so that during this interval the wing remains in a fixed position with respect to the arm.
    [0131] (Z4) - (Z1): From point (Z4) the thrust on the leading edge of the profile will cause a moment in the allowed direction of rotation of the blade (1), which will cause the blade to rotate until it reaches position (Z1).
    [0133] To finish the analysis of the operation of the wind turbine system at low revolutions, it must be indicated that between the operating points (Z1) and (Z2) the values that the angle of the blade will take with respect to the wind direction will be between 0 ° and 90 °.
    [0135] After having analyzed its behavior at low wind speeds, we now show the operation of the transition mechanism. In this sense, as the wind turbine accelerates, the locking mechanism comes into action, said mechanism is in charge of modifying the configuration of the wind turbine to be able to make optimum use at high wind speeds.
    [0137] Fig. 7 represents the position of the locking mechanism when the wind is low or zero
    [0139] Initially, when the wind speed is reduced or null, the mechanism allows the rotation of the aerodynamic profile of the blade (1), producing the operation that we have indicated in the previous point. As the revolutions in the shaft increase, a centrifugal force is generated in a cross slide (3) of the arm that causes the displacement of this along said arm (2) by varying the configuration of the connecting rod system (31,32), said movement propagates to the locking element (4) through one of the connecting rods. On the other hand, through the second connecting rod the movement is transmitted to the vertical slider (8) of the main shaft (7) causing it to descend or ascend depending on the direction in which the transverse slider (3) of the arm moves. as seen later. Finally, this system is attached to the main shaft (7) by means of a support or plate (9), this part being in charge of transmitting the force to the main shaft, generating the torque that will be used by the generator to produce electrical energy.
    [0141] In this sense, when the wind speed is low, the mechanism allows the blade (1) to rotate, producing the operation that we have indicated in the previous point. As the shaft revolutions increase, the inertia created in the arms (2) causes the displacement of the horizontal slide (3) of the arm. In Fig. 8 you can see forces and moments experienced by the main components.
    [0143] As can be seen, the inertia described above causes a torque in the blocker (40), therefore, the objective of this mechanism is to position the blocking element (4) in such a way as to prevent the rotation of the blade (1) that we observe at low revs.
    [0145] However, in order for the blocking element (4) to be placed in the proper position, it is necessary to carry out the last part of the turn in the interval (Z3) - (Z4) that we described earlier, since in the other intervals said turn is blocked , as indicated in Fig. 9.
    [0147] To complete the locking process, all arms (2) must be locked. In Fig. 10 you can see the final result of this process and the final position of the locking mechanism.
    [0149] If at any time the wind ceases, the wind turbine will return to its initial position. The forces that occur when the wind is reduced or stopped are shown in Fig. 11. In this way it can be seen that the wind turbine alters its operation depending on the wind speed.
    [0151] The previous Figures show the turning and sliding mechanisms present in the wind turbine system, where it stands out that there is a vertical slide (8) on the main shaft (7) with a spring (10), therefore, it would remain to analyze how it influences the angle formed by the second connecting rod (32) that transmits the movement between the vertical slide (7) of the shaft and the first connecting rod (31) that transmits the movement in the arm (2) and which is subject to the displacement experienced by the horizontal slide (3). In Fig. 12 shows a graph representing the results of the displacement of one slide with respect to another as a function of the angle, representing in p the value of the angle of the connecting rod with the axis, and where the results of the proportion of force transmitted between the sliders (3 and 8) depending on the angle formed by the second articulated arm (6) with the arm (2).
    [0153] From what can be seen, the displacement of one slide will have a greater influence on that of the other when the connecting rod that joins them forms angles close to 45 ° with the main axis. The objective of this system is, therefore, to block the rotation of the blade by transforming the movement of the arm slide, created by the inertia of the blade, into the rotation of the blocker (40) which blocks the rotation of the blade ( 1).
    [0155] Finally, in the following figure, we will proceed to show the operation when the main shaft acquires high angular speeds.
    [0157] Finally, it is again indicated that this locking mechanism incorporates a vertical slide (8) on the main axis (7), which in the images has been positioned above the arm (2) that incorporates the locking element (4) and also A spring (10) has been incorporated into the main shaft. Depending on the physical conditions or energy needs, the main shaft slide could be located below said arm and incorporate said spring or not.
    [0159] Finally, when the wind force is sufficient, the wind turbine will take advantage of the lift phenomenon as it happens in wind turbines based on the design of Georges Jean Marie Darrieus. In Fig. 13 you can see the position of the blades in this configuration.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    r e iv in d ic a tio n s
    1 Blade for a vertical axis wind turbine system, characterized in that the profile has a symmetrical geometry, comprising the maximum thickness at a point located at 17.00 ± 0.50% of the longitudinal axis, counting from the leading edge and comprising a maximum thickness of 14.79 ± 0.20% of the total longitudinal axis.
    [2]
    2.- Blade for a vertical axis wind turbine system, according to claim 1, where the X axis is the longitudinal axis, x = 0 the leading edge, x = 1 the trailing edge, the lower Y axis the intrados of the blade and the upper Y axis is the upper surface of the blade, the geometry of the blade profile is in accordance with the following coordinates:

    [3]
    3. - Vertical axis wind turbine system, which modifies the angle of the blades to position them according to the wind speed, characterized by comprising:
    - at least one blade (1) with a symmetrical profile according to any of claims 1-2;
    - a plurality of arms (2) projecting radially to a main axis (7) of the wind turbine; and support each blade (1);
    - a transverse arm slide (3) with axial movement in at least one of the arms (2) of each blade; and where the slide comprises two connecting rods, a first connecting rod (31) from which a first articulated arm (5) that operates a locking element (4) departs; and a second connecting rod (32) from which a second articulated arm (6) starts that operates a vertical slide (8) located on the main shaft (7) of the wind turbine;
    - a locking element (4), in contact with the blade (1), comprising a lock (40) which, when the locking element (4) is actuated, varies its position and fixes or unlocks the blade (1);
    - a vertical slide (8), which moves vertically along the main axis (7) of the wind turbine, and which is actuated by the second articulated arm (8);
    - at least one support (9) or plate, from which the arm (2) starts and acts as a stop for the vertical slide (8), and which is located on the main axis (7).
    [4]
    4. - Vertical axis wind turbine system, according to claim 3, wherein the blocking element (4) comprises a blocker (40) that has in one of its vertices a articulation point (41), which, actuated by the first articulated arm (5) allows the blocker (40) to rotate and come into contact with a stop (42) at the end of the arm (2); a stop (42), in contact with the blade (1), which can fix the position of the blade depending on the position of the blocker (40).
    [5]
    5. - Vertical axis wind turbine system, according to claim 3, where around the main axis (7) of the wind turbine, and coming into contact with the vertical slide (8) when it is on the support (9), there is a spring element (10).
    [6]
    6. - Vertical axis wind turbine system according to claim 5, where the spring element (10) rests on the support (9) or plate.
    [7]
    7. - Vertical axis wind turbine system according to claim 5, where the spring element (10) is a spring.
    [8]
    8. - Vertical axis wind turbine system according to claim 3, where any of the articulated arms (5 and 6) are cables.
    [9]
    9. - Vertical axis wind turbine system according to claim 3, where the locking element (4) comprises a motor and an electronic control that operates the lock (40).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2803823B2|2021-06-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20110089699A1|2008-06-13|2011-04-21|Vertical Wind Ab|Vertical wind turbine having blades with varying geometry|
    WO2012176048A2|2011-06-20|2012-12-27|En-Eco S.P.A.|Improved vertical-axis aerogenerator|
    US20150226181A1|2014-02-13|2015-08-13|X-Wind Power Limited|Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Rotor and Airfoil|
    US20190153998A1|2016-05-04|2019-05-23|Flaminio FRACAROLI|Vertical axis wind turbine with moving blades|
    ES2661060A1|2016-09-27|2018-03-27|Aida Maria MANZANO KHARMAN|FRACTAL WIND TURBINE VERTICAL AXLE |
    法律状态:
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    ES201930684A|ES2803823B2|2019-07-24|2019-07-24|VERTICAL AXIS WIND GENERATOR SYSTEM AND BLADES FOR SAID SYSTEM|ES201930684A| ES2803823B2|2019-07-24|2019-07-24|VERTICAL AXIS WIND GENERATOR SYSTEM AND BLADES FOR SAID SYSTEM|
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